Water containing the target contaminants is introduced at the top of the column and allowed to drain down through the packed media. Ambient air is blown into the bottom of the column and as it rises toward the outlet, it mixes with the water. The dissolved contaminants are transferred from the liquid phase to the gas phase in accordance to well-established chemical and mechanical mass transfer properties. The rate of transfer is enhanced by several factors.
The column contains random packing media which provides high volume of surface area and void areas to enhance distribution of both gas and liquid within the tower. The counter-current operation maximizes the difference in concentrations of the target components in the air and water. It is this difference (a concentration gradient) which is the driver for the transfer.